Clinics for the treatment of obstetric and gynecological

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment in obstetrics and gynecology

Diagnostic procedures in obstetrics and gynecology:

• Gynecological examination:

The physician examines the external and external genital organs. Using a gynecological speculum, the doctor gains access to the fornix of the vagina and cervix.

• Colposcopy:

Inspection of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope. A colposcope — a microscope equipped with a light source.

The physician wets the surface of the cervix with two solutions. This makes the pathological changes more noticeable. During a colposcopy, the doctor may take a swab and perform a biopsy.

• Pap test (Pap smear) — early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

The Pap test is performed at every visit to the gynecologist, lasts a few minutes and painless.

The doctor uses a small brush to scrape off the cells from the cervical canal. They are then examined under a microscope. The Pap smear does not pose any risk or side effects to patients.

• Biopsy:

The doctor will take tissue samples for examination. The samples will be examined under a microscope to detect or rule out precancerous or cancerous changes in the cells.

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and mammary glands:

With the help of an ultrasound, the physician examines the internal genital organs and, if necessary, the mammary glands for pathological changes.

• Hysteroscopy:

The doctor examines the uterus with a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the cervix. The method is low-traumatic and allows not only diagnostics, but also surgical intervention.

As part of obstetrics, pregnancy tests, preventive checkups and prenatal diagnostics are carried out.

Prenatal diagnostics — examinations of pregnant women to identify certain diseases in the fetus.

Prenatal diagnostic methods:

1. Ultrasound: compulsory three ultrasounds at 11-13, 18-21 and 30-34 weeks. If desired or if necessary, diagnostics are carried out more often;
2. Doppler sonography: assessment of blood flow in the vessels of the mother and child;
3. Combined test: assessment of the risks of malformations (Down syndrome, Turner, Patau, heart, skeletal, kidney, etc.);
4. Cardiotocography: simultaneous registration of uterine tone and fetal heartbeat;
5. Amniocentesis: analysis of amniotic fluid;
6. Placental puncture: collection of cells from the placenta;
7. Puncture of the umbilical cord: the umbilical cord vessel is punctured to take blood from the child.

Tactics for the treatment of gynecological and obstetric diseases:

The choice of the method of therapy depends on many factors, ranging from the state of health of the woman, the existing disease and to the desire to have children.

Treatment options:

• Conservative (medication);
• Surgical;
• Chemo and radiation therapy.

The most common surgical interventions in gynecology: removal of the uterus (hysterectomy), fibroids (myomectomy) and ovarian cysts. The most common operation in obstetrics is a cesarean section.