Recovery from spinal injuries

Rehabilitation after spinal fracture at home

Recovery after a spinal fracture at home requires proper self-care and compliance with medical recommendations. Although the specific details of recovery may vary depending on the severity and location of the fracture, there are some general recommendations for recovery at home:

• It is necessary to follow medical advice exactly. It is important to follow the recommendations of the attending physician regarding anesthesia, medication, immobilization and any other specific recommendations related to a spinal fracture.
• Rest and immobilization. Rest and stress relief are crucial for the healing of a broken spine. You may need to wear a corset or use other immobilization devices as prescribed by your doctor to support and stabilize your spine during the healing process.
• Pain relief: pain often occurs after a spinal fracture. Your doctor may prescribe painkillers to cope with the discomfort. It is important to take medications as directed and discuss any problems or side effects with your doctor.
• Mobility and movement. Despite the fact that rest is important, it is also important to gradually include light movements and classes in accordance with the recommendations of your attending physician or physiotherapist. They may suggest specific exercises or a range of movements to prevent stiffness, improve
  blood circulation, and aid in the healing process.
• Auxiliary devices. Depending on the severity of the spinal fracture and the associated mobility limitations, auxiliary devices such as crutches, walkers or wheelchairs may be needed to maintain mobility during the recovery period. They should be used in accordance with the instructions and gradually move to greater
  independence in accordance with the recommendations of the attending physician.
• Proper nutrition. A balanced diet that includes enough protein, vitamins and minerals is important to support the healing process. Consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian to ensure that you are following a nutritious diet that promotes bone health and overall healing. The MedTour team recommends
  Dr. Alexandra Kirilenko for this. Home Modifications: Evaluate your living environment to identify any potential hazards or obstacles that could create fall risks. Make the necessary changes, such
  as eliminating the danger of tripping, improving lighting, or installing handrails to
  create a safe and accessible home environment.
• Emotional support. A spinal fracture can have emotional and psychological consequences. Seek support from family, friends, or professional counselors to deal with feelings of frustration, anxiety, or sadness that may arise during the recovery process.

Rehabilitation after spinal fracture

Rehabilitation after spinal injury is an important aspect of the recovery process. The main goal of rehabilitation after spinal injuries is to maximize a person`s functional abilities, increase his independence and improve the overall quality of life. The rehabilitation program usually involves an interdisciplinary approach involving various medical professionals such as physiotherapists, occupational therapists and psychologists.

The rehabilitation process begins with a comprehensive assessment of the patient`s physical capabilities, neurological functions and psychological well-being. Based on this assessment, an individual treatment plan is developed taking into account the specific needs and goals of the patient. The rehabilitation program may include
the following components:

• Physical therapy. Physiotherapists play a vital role in restoring the strength, flexibility and mobility of patients. They use exercises, stretching techniques and special equipment to improve muscle strength, coordination and balance.
• Physiotherapy is also aimed at improving the state of the cardiovascular system and preventing secondary complications, such as bedsores and joint contractures.
• Classes with a rehabilitologist: they can help people to relearn everyday life skills and adapt to functional limitations caused by spinal injury. They provide training in activities such as self-care, and performing daily chores. In addition, occupational therapists may recommend assistive devices or modifications at home
  or in the workplace to promote independence.
• Psychological support. Spinal injuries can have serious psychological consequences for people. Psychologists or counselors may be involved in the rehabilitation process to provide emotional support, survival strategies, and
  counseling to address mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, or adjustment difficulties.
• Auxiliary devices and technologies. Depending on the severity of the spinal injury, people may need assistive devices such as wheelchairs, braces or walking aids to increase mobility. Rehabilitation specialists assess the need for these devices and provide training on their proper use. In some cases, advanced assistive technologies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) or robotic exoskeletons can be used to improve function and independence.
• Pain treatment. Spinal injuries can often be associated with chronic pain. Pain relief methods, including medications, physical methods (such as heat or cold therapy) and alternative therapies (such as acupuncture or massage) can be used to relieve pain and improve overall comfort.

The duration and intensity of rehabilitation after spinal injury vary depending on the severity of the injury, individual progress and specific treatment goals.
Rehabilitation can continue for a long period, even after the initial phase of recovery, as people strive to maintain and improve their functional abilities.
It is important to note that successful rehabilitation results depend on various factors, including a person’s motivation, social support and access to appropriate medical services. Thus, a comprehensive and holistic approach to rehabilitation is necessary to optimize the recovery and long-term well-being of people with spinal
injuries.

Rehabilitation after sacral fracture

Rehabilitation after a sacral fracture plays a vital role in accelerating healing, restoring function and reducing complications. The sacrum is a triangular bone located at the base of the spine, and its fractures can occur as a result of traumatic injuries, such as falls or car accidents. The rehabilitation process is aimed at eliminating pain, mobility and general recovery. This usually involves an interdisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, including orthopedic surgeons, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists.

• Pain treatment: Pain is a common symptom after a sacral fracture. Pain management methods may include medications, such as analgesics or anti- inflammatory drugs, to relieve discomfort. In addition, physical methods such as heat or cold therapy, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (CHANCE) or ultrasound therapy can be used to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Immobilization and loading considerations: In some cases, immobilization of the sacrum may be required to accelerate healing. This may include the use of a brace or corset to provide stability and support. Weight restrictions may be recommended, and the use of assistive devices, such as crutches or a walker, may
  also be recommended to facilitate mobility while protecting a broken sacrum. Physical therapy. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation process. He develops an individual exercise program to restore strength, flexibility and range of motion. Initially, therapy may focus on light exercises and stretching to maintain joint mobility and prevent muscle atrophy. As healing progresses, more complex exercises and exercises will be introduced to improve body stability, balance, and overall functional abilities.

Rehabilitation after a fracture of the cervical spine

Rehabilitation after a fracture of the cervical spine is a critical component of the recovery process. The cervical spine plays a vital role in ensuring head movement and protecting the spinal cord. The goals of rehabilitation are to promote healing, restore function, minimize pain and prevent complications. The rehabilitation process usually involves an interdisciplinary approach involving medical professionals such as orthopedic surgeons, neurologists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. It consists of the following stages.

• Immobilization and anesthesia. Immobilization of the cervical spine is often necessary after a fracture to ensure proper healing. This is usually achieved by wearing a neck collar or a vest with a halo, which provides stability and restricts movement. Pain management strategies may include pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as physical methods such as heat or cold therapy, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (CHANCE) or ultrasound therapy.
• Physical therapy. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in rehabilitation after a fracture of the cervical spine. The physiotherapist will develop an individual exercise program to restore strength, flexibility and range of motion. Initially, therapy may focus on light exercises and stretches to prevent stiffness and muscle atrophy. As it heals, more complex exercises and exercises will be introduced to improve posture, strength and coordination.
• Physiotherapy is also aimed at neck stability, balance and functional activity.
  Neurological assessment and monitoring. Fractures of the cervical spine can potentially lead to damage to the spinal cord, which will lead to neurological deficits. Neurologists and rehabilitation specialists will closely monitor the neurological functions of a person, such as motor strength, sensitivity and reflexes. Based on the assessment, specific interventions can be included in the rehabilitation plan to eliminate any neurological disorders and ensure optimal recovery.
• Gait training and balance exercises: restoration of mobility and balance are important aspects of rehabilitation after a fracture of the cervical spine.
• Physiotherapists develop appropriate exercises to improve stability and coordination. At first, they can use assistive devices, such as walkers or canes, to support and gradually transition people to independent walking.

The duration and intensity of rehabilitation will vary depending on the severity of the fracture of the cervical spine, individual progress and specific treatment goals. Regular follow-up meetings with the attending physician will monitor healing, eliminate problems and, if necessary, change the rehabilitation program.

Recovery after compression fracture

Recovery after a compression fracture involves a combination of anesthesia, immobilization, rehabilitation exercises and lifestyle changes. Compression fracture usually occurs in the vertebrae, often as a result of osteoporosis, trauma or repetitive loads. The recovery process is aimed at relieving pain, accelerating healing, restoring strength and mobility and preventing further fractures. The specific approach may vary depending on the severity and localization of the fracture, as well as individual factors. Here are some key aspects of recovery:

• Pain relief: Pain relief is an important aspect of recovery. Medications such as over-the-counter painkillers or doctor-prescribed analgesics can be used to relieve pain in the initial stages. Heat or cold therapy, such as applying ice packs or using hot water bottles, can also alleviate discomfort. In some cases, a back brace or
  support may be recommended for stability and pain relief.
• Immobilization and rest. Immobilization is often necessary for proper healing of a broken vertebra. This may include wearing a back brace or corset to restrict movement and provide support for the spine. Rest is crucial during the initial healing phase to prevent further damage and promote recovery.
• Rehabilitation exercises. As healing progresses, the gradual introduction of rehabilitation exercises is crucial for restoring strength, flexibility and mobility.
• Physical therapy plays a key role in developing an individual exercise program. Initially, the exercises may focus on smooth movements, stretching and range of motion exercises to prevent stiffness and muscle atrophy. Over time, the program will include exercises aimed at body strength, balance and posture.
• Load and activity modifications: Depending on the location and severity of the compression fracture, load restrictions may be required. Avoid actions that create excessive stress on the spine, such as lifting weights or exercises with a high shock load, it is very important at the recovery stage. It is necessary to practice activity
  modifications and proper body mechanics to minimize the load on the spine and reduce the risk of future fractures.
• Proper nutrition. Adequate nutrition is important for bone health and the healing process. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can help support bone strength and recovery. It may be helpful to consult a doctor or nutritionist to ensure proper nutrition and consider taking supplements if necessary. MedTour recommends Dr.
  Alexander Kirilenko for this.
• Lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes are often recommended for older patients to prevent fractures in the future and maintain the overall condition of the bones. This may include regular exercise with weights (under professional guidance), quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption and maintaining a healthy body weight.
• Recovery from a compression fracture can take from several weeks to several months, depending on various factors. Careful monitoring by medical professionals, compliance with their recommendations and regular follow-up visits are crucial for a successful recovery. It is important to consult with your doctor in
  order to get an individual treatment plan tailored to your specific condition and needs.

Diagnosis after spinal injuries

Diagnosis after spinal injuries is a complex process of assessing the extent and nature of the injury. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical to determining appropriate treatment and management strategies. The diagnostic process usually involves a combination of a medical history review, physical examination, imaging
studies, and possibly other specialized tests. The diagnostic process for spinal injuries includes the following studies:

• Collection of medical history. The medical professional will begin by obtaining a detailed medical history, including information about the mechanism of injury, symptoms suffered, previous spinal diseases and any relevant diseases or operations.
• Physical examination: A thorough physical examination is performed to assess neurological function, mobility, strength, sensitivity, reflexes and overall stability of the spine. The doctor evaluates the range of movements, palpates the spine for soreness or deformity, and also evaluates muscle strength and coordination. It can also perform certain neurological tests to assess nerve function and detect any signs of spinal cord damage.
• Visualization studies. Various imaging techniques are used to visualize the spine and identify specific injuries. Common visualization techniques include:
  – X-rays: They provide a general overview and allow you to detect fractures, dislocations or problems with the displacement of the spine.
  – Computed tomography (CT): CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of the spine and can help identify fractures, spinal cord compression or other structural abnormalities.
  – Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the spine, including soft tissues, nerves and spinal cord. This can help detect injuries to the spinal cord, discs, ligaments or other soft tissues.
• Myelography. In some cases, before imaging (CT or MRI), a contrast agent may be injected into the spinal canal to improve the visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots.
• Additional examinations. Depending on the specific injury and clinical picture, additional diagnostic procedures may be prescribed. These may include electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle and nerve function, nerve conduction studies, or specialized imaging studies such as angiography or bone scans to assess abnormalities associated with vessels or bones.

The Benefits of treating spinal injuries with Stem cells

Treatment of spinal injuries with stem cells has shown promising potential in the field of regenerative medicine. This technique has several significant advantages such as:

• Tissue regeneration: Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various types of cells, including the spinal cord and surrounding tissues. They can potentially regenerate damaged nerve cells, spinal cord tissue and other structures, contributing to the natural healing process and tissue repair.
• Anti-inflammatory effect — Stem cells have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation in the damaged spinal cord. Inflammation plays a role in secondary damage after spinal injury, and by reducing inflammation, stem cells can help minimize further harm and create a more favorable environment for
  healing.
• Stimulating the growth and communication of neurons. Stem cells can secrete growth factors and other molecules that support the growth and communication of nerve cells. By enhancing the growth of neurons and promoting the formation of new connections, stem cells can help restore neural function and improve overall
  neurological recovery.
• Immunomodulation: Stem cells can modulate the immune response, helping to regulate the activity of the immune system and potentially reducing immune- mediated spinal cord injury. This immunomodulatory effect may also contribute to a more favorable healing environment and improved results. or injected intravenously. The transplanted cells can differentiate into bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) and contribute to the restoration and regeneration of broken vertebrae.
• Then there is stimulation by growth factors. Stem cells, including MSCs, have the ability to secrete various growth factors and signaling molecules that promote tissue repair and regeneration. In the treatment of spinal fractures, stem cells can beтused to deliver these growth factors directly to the damaged area, stimulating bone
  formation and speeding up the healing process. Stem cell therapy can be combined with the use of biocompatible scaffolds or matrices that provide structural support and mimic the natural environment for cell growth and tissue formation. Stem cells, especially MSCs, have immunomodulatory properties and can modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation.

Our best specialist doctors

We, in the MedTour team, have extensive experience in providing medical care to various groups of patients, including those who have problems with a spinal fracture. In such clinical cases, we recommend contacting Dr. Alexander Kovalchuk if the patient is in Ukraine, and Dr. Ivan Badyin for patients outside the
country.

If you have any questions regarding the treatment of spinal fractures with stem cells, please contact the MedTour coordinator doctor for a free consultation.

F.A.Q.

1. What are the potential risks and complications associated with stem cell treatment of spinal fractures?

In stem cell treatment, the following potential risks and complications may exist:

• Inadequate bone healing: There is a possibility that stem cells cannot effectively promote bone regeneration, which leads to inadequate healing of a spinal fracture. This can lead to permanent instability or limited functional recovery.
• Infection. Any invasive procedure involves a risk of infection. When stem cells are injected or surgically treated, there is a possibility of infection at the injection site or in surrounding tissues.
• Immunological reactions. In some cases, the body’s immune system may recognize transplanted stem cells, growth factors, or preservatives as foreign agents and trigger an immune response. This can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, or rejection of transplanted cells.
• Tumor formation. Although this is rare, there is a theoretical risk that injected stem cells may lead to abnormal cell growth or tumor formation. To minimize this risk, extensive research and thorough screening of stem cell populations are being conducted. Also, to minimize this risk, the patient should choose a proven clinic
  and doctors with extensive experience.
• Bleeding or hematoma. Stem cell transplantation procedures may carry the risk of bleeding or hematoma formation at the injection site or surgical intervention.

2. Are there any specific criteria or factors for patients determining the suitability of stem cell treatment for spinal fractures?

There are certain criteria and patient factors that may affect the possibility of stem
cell treatment for spinal fractures. These include:

• Severity and type of spinal fracture. It is important to consider the type and severity of a spinal fracture. Some types of fractures, such as stable fractures or fractures without significant displacement, may not require stem cell treatment because they can heal with conservative treatment. On the other hand, more complex fractures, such as unstable fractures or fractures with spinal cord injury, require stem cell treatment to a greater extent.
• Terms of treatment. The timing of stem cell treatment is crucial. In general, early intervention is preferable, since it allows you to quickly initiate the regenerative process and can lead to better results. Delayed or chronic fractures may have a reduced response to stem cell therapy, and more injections may be required.
• Bone quality and stability. The quality and stability of the bone at the fracture site are important factors. If the bone quality is seriously impaired or the fracture is unstable, additional interventions may be required, such as surgical stabilization, before or in combination with stem cell treatment to provide structural support.
• Availability of suitable stem cell sources: Availability of suitable stem cell sources for treatment is an important factor. The type, quality and availability of stem cells, whether autologous (from the patient`s own body) or allogeneic (from a donor), can affect treatment options and its success.

3. When can I expect the effect of stem cells?

This issue is individual and depends on many factors such as the patient`s state of health, the patient`s age and the severity of the fracture, however, the clinical effect appears in the interval from several weeks to several months.