Urology clinics in Turkey

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases in leading clinics in Turkey

Doctors of Turkish clinics use modern methods and advanced technologies to make an accurate diagnosis and select an effective treatment. Turkish doctors carry out therapy according to American and European protocols.

More effective drugs of the latest generation are available in Turkey, which have fewer side effects. Most of these drugs are not available in the CIS countries.

Diagnostics of urological diseases

PSA test

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) is a protein that is produced in the prostate.

A PSA blood test is designed to detect prostate cancer even before it causes symptoms. In patients with prostate cancer, PSA levels are usually elevated.

Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate (TRUS)

Ultrasound is one of the main diagnostic methods in urology.

When performing a transrectal ultrasound, the doctor inserts a probe into the rectum, examining the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, urethra and surrounding tissues.

With the help of TRUS, an experienced physician evaluates the size, shape and internal structure of the prostate, changes in which may indicate disease.

Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate is painless. Doctors use this diagnostic technique with a prostate biopsy to monitor tissue removal.

Scintigraphy

Scintigraphy is an examination that is performed for various diseases of the urinary system.

During scintigraphy, the doctor injects a small amount of a radioactive substance into the patient’s body. After that, using a special gamma camera, the process of distribution of this substance in organs and tissues is illustrated.

Radioactive substances accumulate in certain organs or are excreted through the kidneys. There are two types of scintigraphy:

• Static scintigraphy – performed 2 hours after the introduction of a radioactive substance. The doctor determines the shape, structure and size of the kidneys, their location, renal blood flow.
• Dynamic scintigraphy – examination begins immediately after the introduction of a radioactive substance into the patient’s body. The aim of the method is to assess the functional capabilities of the kidneys from the moment the radioactive substance enters the kidneys to the moment the substance is excreted into the bladder.

Urography

Urography is an X-ray diagnosis of the urinary tract using a radiopaque contrast agent. There are such types of urography:

• Excretory urography (injection of contrast medium through a vein) – the kidneys and lower urinary tract are visualized. The method allows doctors to determine the features of the structure and function of the bladder, urethra, kidneys, pelvis, ureters.
• Retrograde urography (injection of contrast medium through a catheter) – doctors use this method when contrast-enhanced CT and MRI are contraindicated. General anesthesia is required for retrograde urography.

Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the urethra. The doctor uses a special instrument with a camera – a ureteroscope to identify pathology.

With the help of ureteroscopy, doctors in Turkish clinics identify such urological diseases: tumors and cysts of the urinary system, urolithiasis, urethral strictures, stress urinary incontinence, etc.

CT, PET-CT and MRI with contrast

Doctors in Turkish clinics use the latest CT and MRI equipment. This allows doctors to assess the condition of the organs of the urinary system.

PET-CT is used by Turkish doctors to diagnose tumors in the early stages of development. Modern devices visualize the smallest structures up to 5 mm in size.

Biopsy under the supervision of ultrasound and MRI

Biopsy is a method of diagnosing tissue under a microscope. The doctor will take several tissue samples with the help of special instruments under the supervision of an ultrasound or MRI. A biopsy is required to make a diagnosis of cancer.

Treatment of urological diseases

Surgery with a Da Vinci robot

Benefits of Da Vinci robotic surgery:

• Minimal risk of postoperative complications;
• Fast recovery period (compared to laparotomy);
• Minimal cuts;
• Less blood loss;
• Less pain after surgery;
• High surgical precision.

Urological operations with the Da Vinci robot:

• Prostatectomy;
• Renal tumor resection;
• Nephrectomy (removal of the kidney);
• Cystectomy with artificial bladder plastic;
• Hydronephrosis plastic;
• Ureteral transplant;
• Lymphadenectomy.

NanoKnife Surgery

Doctors use the NanoKnife for radical treatment of malignant tumors of the urinary system. Neoplasms are destroyed using an electric current.

The main advantage of the NanoKnife is that it allows doctors to reach tumors located in hard-to-reach places.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

TURP is performed by the surgeon through the urethra using a special instrument – a resectoscope with a loop at the end. The doctor makes a series of slices with a loop to remove the overgrown prostate tissue.

HIFU therapy (ultrasound ablation)

HIFU is a modern method of treatment in which the neoplasm is destroyed by exposure to high-intensity ultrasonic waves.

Cryosurgery (cryoablation)

Cryosurgery – freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen. As a result of exposure to low temperatures, tumor growth is blocked.